ABSTRACT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legumes grown in Asia. Though the area under this crop is more, the average yield per hectare is low because of several biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, the wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri is most destructive seed and soil borne disease. (Haware et al., 1986) which threatens successful cultivation of chickpea and causes severe losses in chickpea growing areas. (Grewal et al.,1974b and Singh et al.,1977.) The organic amendments viz., saw dust, ground nut cake, FYM, soybean cake, cotton cake were used in three concentrations 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% . The highest per cent growth of inhibition was observed in soybean cake 0.3% (32.96%), followed by groundnut cake 0.3% (29.63%). The lowest per cent growth inhibition was observed in saw dust 0.1% (06.47%).
ABSTRACT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L), wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri was first reported from India in 1918. ln the recent years, the biological control has received a worldwide attention and is being integrated effectively with other pesticides. The efficacy of two species of fungal bioagents such as Trichoderma viride, Trichodermo harzianum and two sps of bacterial bioagents such as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri in vitro condition using Dual Culture Technique. The highest per cent growth of inhibition of observed Trichoderma harzianum (76.66%) followed by Bacillus subtilis (63.14%). The lowest growth inhibition was observed in Pseudomonas fluorescens (53.52%).
ABSTRACT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legumes grown in Asia. Though the area under this crop is more, the average yield per hectare is low because of several biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, the wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri is most destructive seed and soil borne disease. (Haware et al., 1986) which threatens successful cultivation of chickpea and causes severe losses in chickpea growing areas. (Grewal et al.,1974b and Singh et al.,1977.) Different insecticides and herbicides were tried under in vitro, the insecticides Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, Imidachloprid 75% WP, Quinalphos 25% EC, Entrust 80% WP were used in three different concentrations. Among these highest per cent growth of inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri was observed in Imidacloprid 0.3g (50.92%) followed by Emamectin benzoate 0.05 mg (35.55%). The herbicides viz., Pendimethalin 30%EC, Imazathaphyr 10% SL, 2,4-D sodium salt 80%WP, Metsulfuron methyl 20% WG were used in three different concentrations, highest per cent growth of inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri was observed in Pendimethalin 0.5ml (73.33%), followed by Pendimethalin 0.4ml (65.55%).
ABSTRACT
Two hundred and three skulls of known sex (100 male and 103 female) were studied to find out the variations of Pterion. Sphenoparietal variety of Pterion was seen predominantly along with frontotemporal and stellate varieties.